.png)
1. What kind of tools were used by primitive humans to protect themselves from wild animals?
• Stone axe
• Stone Spear
2. What could be the purposes for which humans in that period used such tools?
• To protect themselves from animals
• For hunting
• For drawing cave pictures
• For making stone ornaments, statues, etc
3. Why was the first phase of human history called the Stone Age?
• Humans used stones to make tools and weapons during that period.
4. Based on the method used to make stone tools, the stone age is divided into three. Which are they?
• Palaeolithic
• Mesolithic and
• Neolithic
5. Archaeologists point out that there were three main stages in the use of tools. Which are they?
1. Utilisation - using available stones without changing their shape
2. Fashioning - using available stones by changing the shape according to the need
3. Standardisation – making specific tools for each purpose
6. Apart from stone, were any other materials used to make tools in the Paleolithic Age?
• Tools made of bones
• Examples - Split based bone point, Spear thrower, Bone harpoon
7. The pictures are the artistic creations of primitive humans. What do you understand from these pictures?
• Various communication techniques, such as simple flowing lines, carved images, and sculptures, were employed
• The carvings on bone are pieces of evidence of human artistic skills of that time.
• pictures and sculptures are considered evidence of the intellectual and technical skills attained by primitive humans
• The depiction of animals, the carved figure of an animal and a woman, and the Venus figurine are related to rituals or beliefs.
8. What are the general characteristics of ancient stone tools?
• Mother stone tools and stone tools were made.
• Five tool-making traditions emerged during the Paleolithic Age
• Tools were also made of bone
9. List the places and countries where pictures of ancient human artworks have been found
OR
Note the features of the Palaeolithic centers noted on the World Map (Page No. 13).
• Chauvet - France - Illustration of animals
• Lamsca - France - Illustration of animals
• Cussac - France - Carved figures of animals and woman
• Saraysk - Russia - Statue of Venus
• La Garma - Spain - Carvings on bones
10. Write a note on Paleolithic cave paintings.
• Pictures were drawn on the inner and upper walls of the cave where sunlight could not reach
• Needles and pointed weapons were used to draw pictures
• Various colors were used to paint the pictures
• Colors were made by grinding plants, tree bark, and fruits and adding red powder
11. What information could be gathered on human life from the tools and art of the Palaeolithic Age?
• Used rough stone tools
• Lived in caves and open spaces
• Hunting and gathering were the means of livelihood
• Bands were the basic units of society
• Men were engaged in hunting, and women in gathering
• Food was not stored
• Nomadic life prevailed
12. What are Bands?
• Bands are small groups of fewer than a hundred members.
13. Examine the difference between Palaeolithic tools and Mesolithic tools.
• These are smaller tools than the ones used in the Palaeolithic Age.
• This is the period when microliths (very small tools) were used.
14. The works of art in the cave centres of Bhimbetka, Lakhajoar, and Kathotia in Madhya Pradesh help us understand the ways of life of humans during that period. Justify
• Fishing
• Animal husbandry and cooking food
• Engaged in self-entertainment (dancing)
• They were skilled in art.
15. What are the characteristics of the Mesolithic Age?
• Use of microliths or very small stone tools
• Apart from hunting and gathering, fishing also became a means of livelihood
• Indications of domestication of animals
• Amusements
• Division of labour based on gender
16. Examples of Mesolithic centres?
• Star Carr - England
• Fahien Cave - Sri Lanka
• Sarai Nahar Rai - India (Uttar Pradesh)
17. Write the features of Star Carr - the Mesolithic Site in Europe.
• It is a Mesolithic open-air settlement in northeast England.
• The main attraction of this site is the presence of organic remains.
• Tools made of stone and bone were found here.
• Evidence of early carpentry has also been found here.
• Early humans used this area as a temporary settlement.
18. Name the book by Gordon Childe that refers to important changes in the Neolithic Age.
• Man Makes Himself
19. Humans started new ways of living during the Neolithic period. What were they?
• Domestication of animals
• Beginning of agriculture
20. What are the factors that led humans to begin agriculture and domestication of animals?
• Population growth
• An increase in the number of human settlements
• Complex social organisation
• Shortage of food products
• Change in technology
21. What are the characteristics of Neolithic tools?
• Polished tools
• Devices of various shapes and sizes
22. Life in the Neolithic Age. Make notes?
• Domestication of animals
• Pottery
• Manufacture of clay bricks
• Formation of occupational categories
• Polished tools
23. Who is the archaeologist who described the modern era as the Neolithic revolution?
• The Golden Child
24. Find and write the features of the Neolithic center of Jarmo.
• The research was led by Robert J. Bridewood.
• Barley and two types of wheat were cultivated.
• Indications of domestication of animals
• The houses were small huts.
• Animal and human figures were made of clay
25. Which of the following Neolithic changes are the basis of the human advances we see today?
• Tools help in tilling the soil
• Tools helped in cutting wood and plowing the soil
• Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
• Stable availability of food products
• Settlements and agricultural villages grew up
• The manufacture of clay pots and the use of bricks made grain storage possible
• The society shifted from agricultural activities to other occupations such as pottery and weaving.
• Society has become composed of various occupational groups.
26. Which metal was first used by man?
• Copper
27. Why is this age termed the Metal Age?
• During this period, humans learned the technique of turning raw metals into weapons and tools.
28. Name the places where the presence of copper was found.
• Catal Huyuk(Turkey), Cayonu (northern Syria), and Ali Kosh (Iran)
29. What are the advantages of copper tools over stone tools?
• Can be changed into a suitable shape and form
• Durability
• Even if it is damaged, it can be brought back to its original state through processing
• Can be reused
• It will be easier to use
30. What is the Chalcolithic Age
• The period when copper tools were used along with stone tools
• In India, remains have been obtained from Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
31. What were the activities that man engaged in to prepare for urban life?
• Using the power of the bull and the wind
• Use of plow and wheel
• Development of metal working technology
• Development of non-agricultural production
32. What do you mean by Urbanisation?
• When a region comes to be densely populated, where the majority earned their means of
living through non-agrarian activities, such as crafts, trade, etc.
• Wide streets, public buildings, better facilities, busy life, and entertainment are the hallmarks of such an urban life.
33. In which age did 'urban' life begin?
• Bronze Age
34. List out the Bronze Age civilisations?
• Harappan Civilisations – India
• Egyptian Civilisations – Egypt
• Mesopotamian Civilisations - Iraq
• Chinese Civilisations - China
35. Why is the Harappan civilization called the 'first urbanisation' in Indian history?
• Well-planned public buildings
• Great Bath, houses, streets, drainage system granaries
• The presence of various types of crafts and trade
36. Who were Aryans?
• After the decline of the Harappan civilization, the Aryans entered the Sapta Sindhu (northwest India) region.
• They spoke a language that belonged to the Indo-European family of languages.
• Based on linguistic evidence, Aryans are believed to be the natives of Central Asia
• We get to know about this age from the Vedas
37. Who was considered the inventor of the Vedic Age? Write its period?
• Aryans
• between 1500 BCE and 600 BCE
38. How Vedic period is divided?
• The Vedic period is divided into two
1. Early Vedic Period (the period when Rigveda was composed
2.Later Vedic Period(the period when Yajur,Sama and Atharva Vedas were composed
0 Comments